Responsibility is a central theme in J.B. Priestley’s play “An Inspector Calls,” where the actions of each character have significant repercussions on one another and, ultimately, on society as a whole. This examination of responsibility not only drives the narrative but also serves as a critique of social attitudes prevalent in early 20th-century Britain. In this essay, I will explore how each character represents different aspects of responsibility and how their responses to the Inspector’s inquiries reveal their moral standings and societal implications.
The Birling Family: A Microcosm of Society
The Birling family epitomizes the capitalist elite of their time, marked by privilege and self-interest. Arthur Birling, as the patriarch, embodies traditional authority and dismisses any notion of collective responsibility. He famously states that “a man has to make his own way,” highlighting his belief in individualism over communal obligation. This attitude sets a precedent for his family’s reactions to the Inspector’s investigation into Eva Smith’s tragic demise.
Mrs. Sybil Birling further amplifies this detachment from social responsibility. Her cold demeanor towards Eva Smith—whom she encounters through her charitable organization—reveals her lack of empathy for those less fortunate. When confronted with her role in denying Eva aid because of her working-class background, Mrs. Birling remains steadfast in her refusal to acknowledge any wrongdoing, insisting that it was not her place to help “that sort.” This perspective reflects a broader societal issue: an unwillingness among the upper classes to engage with or support those who are struggling.
Sheila Birling: The Journey Towards Awareness
In contrast to her parents, Sheila Birling undergoes significant development throughout the play. Initially depicted as somewhat frivolous and naive, she quickly realizes that her actions—specifically having Eva fired from Milward’s out of jealousy—have dire consequences. Sheila’s transformation is pivotal; she begins to understand the interconnectedness of their actions and experiences guilt for what she has done.
This sense of accountability is critical in shaping Sheila’s character arc; it signifies a shift from ignorance to awareness, encapsulating Priestley’s message about the importance of recognizing our responsibilities toward others. Unlike her parents who cling stubbornly to their views, Sheila embraces change and actively seeks redemption by acknowledging her faults and understanding that social change starts with individual accountability.
Eric Birling: The Consequences of Irresponsibility
Eric Birling’s character adds another layer to Priestley’s exploration of responsibility through his troubled relationship with both his family and society at large. His alcoholism symbolizes deeper issues such as insecurity and moral decay within the privileged class. Eric’s irresponsible behavior culminates in an illicit relationship with Eva Smith leading to unintended consequences—namely, her pregnancy.
What makes Eric compelling is his struggle between denial and acknowledgment; he grapples with feelings of guilt but often resorts to blame-shifting instead taking full responsibility for his actions until pressed by the Inspector. By highlighting Eric’s internal conflict, Priestley illustrates how guilt can manifest differently across individuals yet still results in profound personal crises when faced with ethical dilemmas.
The Inspector: A Catalyst for Reflection
The enigmatic figure of Inspector Goole serves as both judge and jury throughout “An Inspector Calls.” He represents moral authority while challenging each member of the Birling family—and indeed society—to confront their roles in contributing to Eva Smith’s fate. The Inspector operates on a broader ethical plane than any individual character; he stresses that we are all “members of one body” responsible for one another’s welfare.
Through pointed questions directed at each character, he forces them—and us as an audience—to consider uncomfortable truths about privilege, power dynamics, and social justice. His insistence on collective rather than individual responsibility reveals Priestley’s socialist ideals against capitalism’s isolationist tendencies during that era.
A Broader Implication: Society’s Responsibility
Priestley’s exploration extends beyond individual characters; it opens up larger conversations about societal structures that perpetuate inequality. As each member deflects blame or refuses full accountability for their part in Eva Smith’s tragic story, it becomes clear that this failure reflects systemic issues rather than mere personal shortcomings.
The tragic fate that befalls Eva symbolizes countless others crushed under similar social injustices—a potent reminder that neglecting our responsibilities can lead not just to personal regret but also societal tragedy. As such, “An Inspector Calls” ultimately challenges audiences then (and now) by urging us all toward greater awareness and action regarding our collective responsibilities toward one another.
Conclusion: Responsibility Revisited
In conclusion, “An Inspector Calls” remains relevant today due largely to its rich exploration into themes surrounding personal versus collective responsibility through its characters’ varied responses under pressure from external scrutiny represented by Inspector Goole himself—a catalyst pushing everyone towards reflection amidst discomforting revelations about their past behaviors shaping future consequences upon society at large.”
- Priestley J.B., An Inspector Calls
- Bennett T., Social Responsibility in Contemporary Drama
- Taylor B., Class Dynamics & Social Justice Themes In J.B.Priestley’s Works
- Crowther J., Modern British Playwrights: A Comprehensive Study
- Davies R., Capitalism & Class Struggle Within 20th Century British Literature
